Turbine.



Patented May 1'2, 1914 `2 SHBTB#SHEBT 1.

Hoffman f i@ ,Wm/if /K Hema/:fon James/7. Penman@ TU'RBINB.

APPLICATION IfILED 001.230, 1911.

'11. M. HENDERSON & J. A. PETTIBQN.

WMU 1 f.' l1 .V .1 1, I E 2 .s A J @Wi/hmmm l F. M. HENDERSN & J`. A. PBTTIBO'N.v

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 30 1911*' Patented May 12,1914.

2 BHBETB-BEEET 2.

Jai/Msj. Pfff/$0114- Crowe/1.34

-UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK M. HENDERSON AND JAMES A. PETTIBON, F ALLIANCE, OHIO.

TURBINE.

Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented May 1e, 1914.

Application med october ao, 1911. serial no. 657,694.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that We, FRANK M. HENDER- soN and JAMns A. Pn'i'rmoN, citizens of the United States, residing at Alliance, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented anew and useful Turbine, of which the following is a-speciication.

Our invention relates to improvements in turbines and especially to that class of turbines peculiarly'adapted to be operated by the expansion of gases of combustion.

The objects of ourlinvention are to gen-V `erally improve'devices of the character nientioned and to provide a simple, durable and easily made turbine so. constructed that itwill not readily get out of order, will need the minimum 'attention and repairing, and

may be readilyadapted to a great number of` practical uses, efliciency and thorough prac-v ticability being also objects of importance.

These objects, together with other objects apparent to those skilled in the art, may be v` attained by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings', although the invention may be' embodied in other forms, the construction illustrated being chosen by Way of example.

In the draWingsF-igure 1 isa vertical longitudinal sectional view of a tu-rbine embodying our invention. Fi 2 is a -front end elevation'of the same. IFig. 3 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 4f is an enlarged.

sectional view of the valve and ignition chambers and the parts immediately related thereto. Fig. 5 is a to'p'plan vieWof the tur- A bine. Fig. 6 is a view showing in elevation one of the stationary vane sections. Fig. 7

is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view ofone'of the stationary vane sections taken on a plane parallel to the shaft of the. tur bine. Fig. 8 is a view in elevation of onehalt' of a rotatable vane section, parts being' broken away to vdisclose the construction. Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view oi one of the rotatable vane sections taken on a plane parallel with the shaft of the turbine. 'Fig 1Q is an elevation of onehalf of the nozzle head showing nozzle apertures arranged therein. Fi 11 is a seceowtional View on line 11-11 o Fig. 10; Fig.

means of which the rear end Wall 8, which walls 5 and 7 and 6- andV 8 respectively are provided with complementary portions of bearings to receive the rotatable main shaft 9, concerning which more will hereinafter be stated.

Both the lower section 1 and upper section 2 of the casingfare generally speaking semicylindrical, the internal diameter of said casing being smaller adjacent the frontend of the device and larger adjacent the rear end of the device, the end of smaller diameter lbeing the high pressure portion and that of greater diameter being the low pressure portion. In case-a greater expansion turbine is made in accordance with our invention, there greater diameter than the large diameter shown inthe drawings as `will be well understood by those skilled in the art.

The lower section is would be portions of said sections of even The lower section 14 is preferably provided 4 oitions 10 and 11 by evice-is intendedto standirmly upon an appropriate foundation2 but it will be understood that said base with theintegral base -portions form 'no part of the invention claimed herein, as the casing may be sup- 'ported in various other ways. Connected to the front wall 5 of the lower section is a bracket 12 supporting a bearing 13 adapted to receive the slia'ft 9 and at the back end of the device t-hesupport 14 connected to thi` end wall 6 is similarly provided with a bearing 15 also receiving` the shaft 9. The bearings 13 and 15 are preferably spaced from the front and rear walls respectively and are adapted to support the shaft 9, very little l of the weight of said shaft being imposed upon the bearings` formed inthe end walls,

the said bearings in said Walls however being provided with close fitting packing 16 to prevent escape of gas from the interior of ferentially disposed, 'stationary vane secl tions such as illustrated in Fig. 6. Each section comprises a semi-circular vane lbase 17 adapted .to conform to the inner curved surface of the casing section and a plurality of stationary vanes 18 fixedly connected at their outer ends to saidbase. end view of some of the stationary vanes 18 isy given and it Will be seen that said vanes are curved in cross section about axes perpendicular to the axis of the turbine casing, said vanes being arranged in an'annular series and preferably somewhat closer together than shown in the drawings. In the-high pressure portion of the turbine theA bases 17 are of -relatively small diameter to fit the smaller diameter vof the easing Whereas the vane bases in the lovv pressure portion are of greater diameter. The2 stationary vanes 18 in the vhigh pressurevportion `are also shorter than the corresponding vanes in the low pressure portion so that considering all of the stationary vanes in the turbine their inner ends extend to'praetically the same distance' toward the shaft 9 as Well illustrated in Fig. 1. p

Fixedly mounted upon the shaft 9 are the rotary vane sections, each of which is provided with the rotary Ivano base 19 comprising a hub portion 2Q .mounted on the shaft 9 and an integral, annular extended portion 21 provided at its periphery with a' dovetailed groove formed by theintegral portion 22 on the one side and a removable ring23 on the other side, the periphery of the portion 21 constituting the bottom of the groove. 'Each ring 23 is held in place by an annular series of bolts 24, each of which bolts extends through the base 25 of one 'of the rotary vanes 26. This construction is well illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 as Wellv as in Fig. 1 and itvshould be noted thatftlie vanes 26 are i'iXedly connected to their respeetive bases and arranged in annular series about the portion 21, the bases 25 completelyl filling the dove-tailed groove heretofore mentioned. The vanos 26 areof diii'e'rent lengths to correspond to the difference in diameter of the turbine casing, it being preferable that said vanes extend to points adjacent the walls of the sections 1 and 2.

It Will be noted' that the vane bases 17 are provided .vith inclined edges.l producing a dove-tailed shape in cross-section, and in assembling the device said bases may be erranged on the inner sides of the sections of the casing and held in place bythe spacing, retaining rings 27 which are provided with.

In Fig. 7 anedges inclined oppositely from the -edges of `the bases 17, so that the resulting construction is that shown clearly in Fig. v7 where it Will 'be seen that the bases 17 are held firmly and fixedly in place by the rings 27.

The hub portions 20 of the rotary vane bases are of such length as to bring the various rotary vanev sections intermediate stationary vane sections, the first rotary vane section however in the high pressure portie-n of the device being in front of the first stationary Vane section and thelast rotary vane section in the loW pressure portion being beyond the last stationary vane section.

Extending between each tivo rotary vane basesis a substantial band 28 having its opposite edges fitted into annular grooves in the portion 21 and ring 28 respectively in each instance, saidband 28 being so located as to rotate vvith the-rotary vane sections -adjacent the inner ends of -the stationary vanes 18. This construction is clearly illustrated in Fig. 1.

Each of the-vanos 26 is curvedv about an axis coincident with one of the radii of the rotary vane section, as illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 and in accordance with Well known turbine construction. It is to be noted in this connection that the'vanes 18 and the vanos 26 are curved in opposite directions to produce' a tortuous course of the operative gases in their action kupon said vanes.

On the inside of the turbine casing, rearwardly spaced from the front end Wall' thereof, and closely adjacent the first rotary vane section is the nozzle head 29, which is provided in'its upper portion, adjacent its outer edge with one or morenozzles 80 which, in the simplest form, may consist of tapered apertures leading obliquely through said head and adapted to direct gases passing forcibly therethrough against the vanes 2G of the first rotary vane section. n the inner side of the upper section 2 is arranged the nozzle-supplying duct 31 having coni- Inu-nication only with theI nozzles 30 and an outer, entrant, portion 32 concerning` which more will presently be stated. Located within the space between 'the nozzle head and the front end wall of the casingthe fly wheel 33, preferably of considerable weight, is fixcdly mounted ,upon the shaft 9 for the purpose of producing smooth and even running of the device under varying conditions of gas pressure and lead, While at the saineA time steadying the shaft 9 against endwise movement during the operation of the turbine.

Extending frontivardl)T beyond the bearing 13 the' shaft 9 is provided with the lixedly mounted sprocket 3ft and the iixedly mounted fan The purpose of the sprocket 34 will hereinafter more fully appear. T he purpose of the fan is for the .production of a draft of air against `the tu-ror' the fan 3S is produced, said 4fan being,v

adapte-d to exhaust gases from the interior of the easing, discharging the same through the exhaust aperture 40I in the fan casing.

For the gas to the turbine some source of gas or gasolene should be available. In the drawings we have illustrated that form of the device in which gasolene is to be used for the production of gas, the pipe 41 being connected to the gasolene supply. Connected to the pipe 4l is the carburetor 42, 'of an well known design provided'with the throttle 43 which is adapted to be turned so as to increase or decrease the quantity of gasolene vapor obtainable froin'the carbureter, in accordthrce with well known construction. From the carbureter runs the pipe 44 provided with a'check valve 45- of well known design so constructed as to prevent any backward flow of vapor into the carbureter. Extending rearwardlly from the check valve the pipe 44 leads into the pump cylinder 46 which is xedly connected to the lower sec tion 2 and is provided with the pistonhead 47. Supported by the bracket 48 is the shaft 49, rotatably mounted in the bearings 50 on said bracket. Fixedly mounted on said shaft at one end the beveled gear 51 meshes with the beveled gear 37 while at the other end of the shaft 49 is ixedly mounted the disk 52 providedwith the crank pin 53 to which is connected the reciprocating pitman 54, to which thepiston head 47 is con-` nected. It will be obvious that as the shaft 9 rotates the pitman 54 will be caused to reciprocate; thus moving the piston head 47 backward and forward in the cylinder 46, each -forward movement of said piston being adapted to draw gasolene vapor into said cylinder from the carburetor 42 and through the check Valve 45. Upon thev backward movement of the piston 47 ,.the check. valve 45 closing, the vapor will be forced outwardly through a second check valve 55 and into the pipe 56.

As hereinbefore stated the entrant portion 32 is connected to the nozzle supplying duct 31 witlrwhich, in fact, it. continuous. Arranged upon the 'outside of the turbine casing where said entrant portion opens `outwardly through said casing are arranged and the other purpose of supplying combustible the valve and ignition chambers which consist of a receiving and compressing chamber 57 into which the pipe 56 leads, said chamber being adapted to receive gasolene vapor under pressure from the pump cylinder 46. In the upper wall of the chamber 57 are two valve openings 58, each adapted to be closed by a valve 59 and each, when open, leading into an ignition chamber. One of said ignition chambers is designated 60 In the top wall of each of said?, ignition chambers is arranged a rel movable cap 61 provided with a spark-plug 62 of well known construction, said -spark plug extending through said cap and into the ignition chamber, in the manner well known to those skilled in the art. f In the side wall of ea'ch ignition chamber is arranged a valve opening 63, normally closed by avalve 64, but when open providing communication between the interior of the ignition chamber and the entrant portion 32 of the nozzle supplying duct 31. For the purpose of normally holding the valves 64 in closed position in the openings 63, said valves are mounted upon stems 65 extending across the ignition chambers, through the. opposite walls of said chambers, and provided externally with a compressible spring 66 adapted to yield when gas is exploded in the ignition chamber, to permit the exhaust of said gas through the valve opening 63 into the nozzle supplying duct.

Each of the valves 59 is mounted upon a valve stein 67, said valve stems extending downward-ly and through the bottom wall of the receiving chamber 57 and provided with springs 68, adapted to normally hold the valves in closed position, but adapted to yield to a forcible upward movement of the stems 67 to permit the valves 59 to be lifted or opened.

Rotatably` mounted in the bracket bearing v69 attached to the lower section 1 is the lvalve and comrnutator shaft 7() to which, at

its `forward end is fixedly connected the sprocket 71 over which passes a chain 72, also engagingr 'the sprocket 34, so that by rotation of the main shaft 9 the shaft 70 will be rotated.

Fixedly mounted upon the shaft is the cam 73, the peripheral face of which is engaged by the louer end of the stem 67 connected to the valve 59 in the ignition cham ber 60. For the` )urpose of reducing friction the lower enf of the stem 67 may be provided with a roller 74 engaging the cam 73 in a manner well known tothose skilled in the art. The cam 73, as the shaft 70 rotates, will reciprocate the siem 67, thus raising and lowering the valve 59 to alternately open and close the Valve opening 58 between the receiving chamber 57 and the ignition chamber 60a. The stem 6T conllO nected tothe shaft 70, the magneto havingcam 7 5 which is mounted upon the shaft 7 0- so as to rotate with said shaft but at the same'time is slidable longitudinally therealong. This is accomplished by means of a feather key 76 which extends for some distance along the shaft 70, as will. be well understood by those skilled in the art.

Formed integrally with the cam 7 5 is the round portion 77, the periphery of which is concentric with lthe shaft 70. When it is desired to reciprocate the valve stem 467 for the chamber 60 the cam is slidably moved along the shaft into the position shown in Fig. 4, but when it is desired that said stem shall not be reciprocated, under the circumstances hereinafter mentioned, the cam may be slidably moved along theshaft 70 sol as to bring the round portion 77 under the end of the stem, which will permit the stem toremain stationary. It should be stated that in the normal operation of the device the cam 7 and cam 75 are oppositely disposed, or so arranged upon theshaft that the two valves 59 will be alternately opened and closed. As shown in Fig. 12 the cams 7 3 and 7 5 are cut away in such manner that while the stems 69 are gradually and slowly raised, when the extreme limit of raising movement has been reached, the stems will be permitted to drop or jump back, thus seating the valves instantly.

Supported upon a bracket'78 is a mag'- neto 79 and a commutator 80." Both magneto 'and commutator are operatively conone side of its circuit grounded on the turbine and the other side of the circuit carried to the commutator by the wire y8l in the manner well known to those skilled in the art. From the commutator the wires 82 and 83 lead to the two sparkplugs softhat the plugs maybe sparked alternately as is common in explosive engine construction.

The operation of the device is as follows:

`The shaft 9 being started to rotate, gasolene vapor will be drawn into the cylinder 46 from the carbureter and, by the movement of the piston head 47 will be forced through the pipe 56 into the receiving and compressing chamber 57. By the continuous operation of the device said chamber 57 will thus be continually supplied With an explosive mixture under pressure. By the rotation of the shaft 70 thisexplosive mixture will b e permitted, under its pressure, to enter the chambers 60 and 60l alternately. Immediately after a charge has thus entered one of said chambers, the valve 59 will instantly close, whereupon the commutator 80 will vcause the spark plug of that ignition chamber to explode the charge therein. The exploding charge will force open the valve 64, against the tension of the spring 66, thus permitting' the charge to enter the entrant portion'Q and thence into' the nozzle supplying duct 3l. Having entered the nozzle supplying duct the expanding gases will rush through the nozzles 30'with great force against the rotary vanes 26 of the first r0- tary vane section, thence between the stationary vanes 18`of the first stationary Avane section, which will properly direct the gases against the rotary vanes of the second rotary vane section, and so on through the series of stationary 'and rotary vanes. At the same time the exhaust fan 38 will be rapidly rotated to assist in the exhaust of the used gases from the rear endof the casing, the fan'38 thus acting to assist in overcoming atmospheric lpressure upon somewhat the same-principle as the condenser of a condensing engine.A By proper manipulation ofthe throttle 43,1the power and speed ofthe turbine may be regulated, and if desired `the cam'75 maybe moved along the shaft 7C so as to discontinue the opening land Closing of the valve 59 into the ignition chamber 60, thus employing only one ignitionrchamber in cases where low speed lor less 'power are desired.

Attention should be called to the fact that all moving parts which would require attention or adjustment and all parts requiring lubrication are arranged externally with reference to the turbine casing, the parts inclosed requiring substantially no'attention at all. All moving parts requiring :atten-v tion are readily accessibe vand may be easily and quickly repaired. These desirable features as well as many others will recom mend the hereinbefore described construe# tion to those who are skilled in-the art.

wreclaimz- 1 A turbine comprisinga substantially cylindrical casing formed of two hollow segmental por-tions and provided with front and rear end walls, a -rotorshaft extending axially through said end Walls, bearings fr said shaft outside of said casing and spaced beyond said end walls, stationary vane sec tions fixedly Connectedto said casing, ro tary vane sections fixedly connected to said shaft and adapted` for cooperation with said 'stationaryv vane sections, the first .of said vane sections spaced from said front end wall, a fly wheel ixedlyl mounted on said shaft on 'the inner side of said front end wall` explosive gas supplying means, a receiving and compressing chamber, pumping meansoperatively 4connected to said shaft for pumping said gas/from said supplying means into said chamber, a'plurality of ignitionv chambers, valved openings from said receiving and compressing chamber to the several ignition chambers, operative means actuated by said shaft for meohanoally, consecutively opening and clos- In testimony that we chlm tho above, we ing' the vulves of said several openings, have hereunto subscribed om' nnmeS in tho openings frorn said severalgnt'on ohnm-4 ln'osenvo' of two witnessos. horsnnto the lnterwlor of sold 'caslng lnter- FRANK M HENDERSON.

5 nledmte smd fly heel andL sind. Vfirst vanol TUM@ X PFTTIPDN section, valves normally closing the last 'l L 'A l J W) mentioned openings and adapted to be Witnesses; opened by exploslons 1n Saud lgnltlon Cham- JOHN .I-I. BISHOI?, bers, and lgnltlng means 1n sald xgmtlon WILLIAM H. MILLER.

10 chambers. 

